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  SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of
  viral shedding and infectiousness: a living systematic review and
  meta-analysis

// View ORCID Profile <http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-3874>Muge Cevik,
Matthew Tate, // View ORCID Profile
<http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-1634>Oliver Lloyd, // View ORCID
Profile <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-7762>Alberto Enrico Maraolo,
Jenna Schafers, // View ORCID Profile
<http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-3785>Antonia Ho
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.25.20162107
This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review
[what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to
be evaluated and so should /not/ be used to guide clinical practice.
<https://www.medrxiv.org/content/what-unrefereed-preprint>
Muge Cevik
1 Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine,
University of St Andrews;

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  * For correspondence: mc349@st-andrews.ac.uk
    <mailto:mc349@st-andrews.ac.uk>

Matthew Tate
2 Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Wishaw, Wishaw, UK;

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Oliver Lloyd
3 NHS Lothian Infection Service, Regional Infectious Diseases Unit,
Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K.;

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Alberto Enrico Maraolo
4 First Division of Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, AORN dei
Colli, Naples, Italy;

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Jenna Schafers
3 NHS Lothian Infection Service, Regional Infectious Diseases Unit,
Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K.;

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Antonia Ho
5 MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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    Abstract

Background Viral load kinetics and the duration of viral shedding are
important determinants for disease transmission. We aim i) to
characterise viral load dynamics, duration of viral RNA, and viable
virus shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in various body fluids and ii) to compare
SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Methods:
Medline, EMBASE, Europe PMC, preprint servers and grey literature were
searched to retrieve all articles reporting viral dynamics and duration
of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV shedding. We excluded case
reports and case series with < 5 patients, or studies that did not
report shedding duration from symptom onset. PROSPERO registration:
CRD42020181914. Findings: Seventy-nine studies on SARS-CoV-2, 8 on
SARS-CoV-1, and 11 on MERS-CoV were included. Mean SARS-CoV-2 RNA
shedding duration in upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract,
stool and serum were 17.0, 14.6, 17.2 and 16.6 days, respectively.
Maximum duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding reported in URT, LRT, stool
and serum was 83, 59, 35 and 60 days, respectively. Pooled mean duration
of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was positively associated with age (p=0.002),
but not gender (p = 0.277). No study to date has detected live virus
beyond day nine of illness despite persistently high viral loads.
SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the upper respiratory tract appears to peak in
the first week of illness, while SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV peak later.
Conclusion: Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in respiratory and stool
can be prolonged, duration of viable virus is relatively short-lived.
Thus, detection of viral RNA cannot be used to infer infectiousness.
High SARS-CoV-2 titres are detectable in the first week of illness with
an early peak observed at symptom onset to day 5 of illness. This review
underscores the importance of early case finding and isolation, as well
as public education on the spectrum of illness. However, given potential
delays in the isolation of patients, effective containment of SARS-CoV-2
may be challenging even with an early detection and isolation strategy.
Funding: No funding was received.


      Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.


      Funding Statement

No funding received


      Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any
necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or
exemption for the research described are given below:

Not applicable

All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the
appropriate institutional forms have been archived.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective
interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved
registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study
reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial
registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study
registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID
field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and
uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s)
and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

Yes


    Data Availability

All data fully available

Paper in collection *COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 preprints from medRxiv and
bioRxiv <http://connect.medrxiv.org/relate/content/181>*

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has
granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.It is
made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/>.
Blog posts linking to this article:
Devdiscourse, 29 Jul 2020
<http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/devdiscourse/NCFS/~3/nJKifEGo1TM/1149163-covid-science-coronavirus-infectiousness-wanes-by-day-9-long-icu-stays-linked-with-nerve-damage>
<http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/devdiscourse/NCFS/~3/nJKifEGo1TM/1149163-covid-science-coronavirus-infectiousness-wanes-by-day-9-long-icu-stays-linked-with-nerve-damage>The
following is a brief roundup of some of the latest scientific studies on
the novel coronavirus and efforts to find…
<http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/devdiscourse/NCFS/~3/nJKifEGo1TM/1149163-covid-science-coronavirus-infectiousness-wanes-by-day-9-long-icu-stays-linked-with-nerve-damage>
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ICNIC
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RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
systematic review & meta-analysis on "#SARSCoV2
<https://twitter.com/search?q=#SARSCoV2> viral load dynamics, duration
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@ClarkeMicah <https://twitter.com/ClarkeMicah> @theblogmire
<https://twitter.com/theblogmire> And as this study shows, these PCR
tests run on samples taken from upper respiratory tract swabs are likely
to be picking up RNA from inactive virus, which can persist for up to 83
days. Live virus wasn't detected after 9 days: ht

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RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
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RT @mugecevik <https://twitter.com/mugecevik>: Very excited to share our
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RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
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RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
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RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
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RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
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RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
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RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
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RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
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RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
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RT @Jonathan_Witt <https://twitter.com/Jonathan_Witt>: A very necessary
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RT @kylamb8 <https://twitter.com/kylamb8>: Again, positive tests tell us
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RT @solmicrobe <https://twitter.com/solmicrobe>: SARS CoV-2 Viral
Dynamics—a fantastic meta-analysis. https://t.co/0POf3Xq9UL
<https://t.co/0POf3Xq9UL>

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RT @dontbetyet <https://twitter.com/dontbetyet>: @AlistairHaimes
<https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> Maybe why....
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10:42AM <http://twitter.com/PhilWestwell/statuses/1288786958559449089>

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551 followers
ȺłɇɍȺn
@AleranLaChiante
 <https://twitter.com/AleranLaChiante>

RT @PascalCrepey <https://twitter.com/PascalCrepey>: Infectieux jusqu'à
9 jours après les symptômes, mais positif à la PCR pendant 80 jours, ça
ne facilite pas le suivi en te…

10:38AM <http://twitter.com/AleranLaChiante/statuses/1288786088673370115>

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153 followers
NathanRKuntz
@NathanRKuntz1
 <https://twitter.com/NathanRKuntz1>

RT @Francis_Hoar <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>: And those tested
may have had the virus, recovered from it and stopped being infectious
ten weeks ago: https://t.co/xZPLS <https://t.co/xZPLS>…

10:38AM <http://twitter.com/NathanRKuntz1/statuses/1288785939540488194>

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32 followers
Paul R
@therockett
 <https://twitter.com/therockett>

@DHSCgovuk <https://twitter.com/DHSCgovuk> You may want to read this
first https://t.co/CyqmQfu7Ml <https://t.co/CyqmQfu7Ml>

10:37AM <http://twitter.com/therockett/statuses/1288785765615439873>

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266 followers
Michael, Baron of SoDak
@BaronMichaelSD
 <https://twitter.com/BaronMichaelSD>

RT @kylamb8 <https://twitter.com/kylamb8>: Again, positive tests tell us
nothing about spreading infections in the present tense. Share this.
It's important. It's why th…

10:36AM <http://twitter.com/BaronMichaelSD/statuses/1288785549013245955>

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530 followers
عزيز
@3shmshm
 <https://twitter.com/3shmshm>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

10:35AM <http://twitter.com/3shmshm/statuses/1288785325377097729>

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192 followers
Nellie Voss
@nellie_voss
 <https://twitter.com/nellie_voss>

RT @pesla <https://twitter.com/pesla>: Literatuurstudie (n=98, preprint)
over de vraag wanneer iemand met #COVID19
<https://twitter.com/search?q=#COVID19> besmettelijk is. In het kort:
hoogtepunt waarschijn…

10:35AM <http://twitter.com/nellie_voss/statuses/1288785165121093632>

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21 followers
David Taylor
@DavidTa69192197
 <https://twitter.com/DavidTa69192197>

RT @sass_byname <https://twitter.com/sass_byname>: .. study. There is
the potential here for a lot of erroneous positive tests where people
have potentially cleared the vir…

10:33AM <http://twitter.com/DavidTa69192197/statuses/1288784860103024642>

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21 followers
David Taylor
@DavidTa69192197
 <https://twitter.com/DavidTa69192197>

RT @sass_byname <https://twitter.com/sass_byname>: @AlistairHaimes
<https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And the virus detected in the upper
respiratory tract via nasal swabbing can be inert RNA fragments. Study…

10:32AM <http://twitter.com/DavidTa69192197/statuses/1288784530724315138>

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500 followers
John Galt
@Ga1tJohn
 <https://twitter.com/Ga1tJohn>

RT @Francis_Hoar <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>: And those tested
may have had the virus, recovered from it and stopped being infectious
ten weeks ago: https://t.co/xZPLS <https://t.co/xZPLS>…

10:31AM <http://twitter.com/Ga1tJohn/statuses/1288784260846030854>

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21 followers
Jody Meyer
@jayhawklove
 <https://twitter.com/jayhawklove>

RT @kylamb8 <https://twitter.com/kylamb8>: Again, positive tests tell us
nothing about spreading infections in the present tense. Share this.
It's important. It's why th…

10:31AM <http://twitter.com/jayhawklove/statuses/1288784254974009344>

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28 followers
Ravi Vemuri
@solmicrobe
 <https://twitter.com/solmicrobe>

SARS CoV-2 Viral Dynamics—a fantastic meta-analysis.
https://t.co/0POf3Xq9UL <https://t.co/0POf3Xq9UL>

10:29AM <http://twitter.com/solmicrobe/statuses/1288783855038664706>

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69 followers
Salwa Lin
@salwa_lin
 <https://twitter.com/salwa_lin>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

10:27AM <http://twitter.com/salwa_lin/statuses/1288783304133664770>

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3 followers
john dimopoulos
@johnnyD83568848
 <https://twitter.com/johnnyD83568848>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

10:27AM <http://twitter.com/johnnyD83568848/statuses/1288783235774734336>

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27 followers
Sharon M
@Shazzaem14
 <https://twitter.com/Shazzaem14>

@Kit_Yates_Maths <https://twitter.com/Kit_Yates_Maths>
https://t.co/SSwPm9xLX3 <https://t.co/SSwPm9xLX3>

10:26AM <http://twitter.com/Shazzaem14/statuses/1288783026240004096>

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1,678 followers
IDDO
@IDDOnews
 <https://twitter.com/IDDOnews>

RT @ISARIC1 <https://twitter.com/ISARIC1>: SARS-CoV-2 viral load
dynamics, duration of viral shedding and infectiousness: a living
systematic review and meta-analysis @…

10:24AM <http://twitter.com/IDDOnews/statuses/1288782526530621440>

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415 followers
Lee Smith
@leesmith2310
 <https://twitter.com/leesmith2310>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

10:22AM <http://twitter.com/leesmith2310/statuses/1288781890057625601>

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1,385 followers
MR #I'mWithCherry #PPC Aaron Johnson
@folcaraj
 <https://twitter.com/folcaraj>

RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
systematic review & meta-analysis on "#SARSCoV2
<https://twitter.com/search?q=#SARSCoV2> viral load dynamics, duration
of viral shedding & infecti…

10:19AM <http://twitter.com/folcaraj/statuses/1288781351936761858>

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84 followers
Diktatur der Angepassten
@Die_Diktatur
 <https://twitter.com/Die_Diktatur>

https://t.co/3Xh3boE3Bt <https://t.co/3Xh3boE3Bt> Sie sind innerhalb von
5 Tagen am ansteckendsten. Kein lebendes Virus nach 9 Tagen. Nach 83
Tagen noch Virus RNA nachweisbar. Fast 12 Wochen später können Sie bei
einem Test ein positives Ergebnis zeigen, aber Sie sind seit 10 Woch

10:18AM <http://twitter.com/Die_Diktatur/statuses/1288780957533769730>

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702 followers
Bader Alsaleh
@DonBadro
 <https://twitter.com/DonBadro>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

10:15AM <http://twitter.com/DonBadro/statuses/1288780125417418753>

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643 followers
Erin Stephanie Cronin
@erinstephanie84
 <https://twitter.com/erinstephanie84>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

10:14AM <http://twitter.com/erinstephanie84/statuses/1288779872547024896>

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27 followers
Sharon M
@Shazzaem14
 <https://twitter.com/Shazzaem14>

@Kit_Yates_Maths <https://twitter.com/Kit_Yates_Maths> @TuckeyUK
<https://twitter.com/TuckeyUK> Not sure I agree with the least lag
comment. Study below shows you can test +ve up to 83 days after
infection (from viral remnants) but not be infectious past day 9. If
testing pillar 2 asymptomatic, you could have a 2-3month lag

10:13AM <http://twitter.com/Shazzaem14/statuses/1288779799952056320>

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4,079 followers
LeylaKaraca
@LeylaEDelpouve
 <https://twitter.com/LeylaEDelpouve>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

10:11AM <http://twitter.com/LeylaEDelpouve/statuses/1288779355234144256>

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444 followers
Missy Temple
@MissyTempleLMT
 <https://twitter.com/MissyTempleLMT>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

10:11AM <http://twitter.com/MissyTempleLMT/statuses/1288779295746334721>

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43 followers
やっくる
@yakkuru79
 <https://twitter.com/yakkuru79>

RT @SakamotoFumie <https://twitter.com/SakamotoFumie>: プレプリントです
が… “No study to date has detected live virus beyond day nine of illness
despite persistently high viral loads. S…

10:10AM <http://twitter.com/yakkuru79/statuses/1288778975343386626>

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999 followers
Gönül Özgürel
@keyfte
 <https://twitter.com/keyfte>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

10:09AM <http://twitter.com/keyfte/statuses/1288778765863092224>

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714 followers
SUNA
@sunasaygin1
 <https://twitter.com/sunasaygin1>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

10:07AM <http://twitter.com/sunasaygin1/statuses/1288778255898685440>

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719 followers
Bloody Scandal
@bloody_scandal
 <https://twitter.com/bloody_scandal>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

10:07AM <http://twitter.com/bloody_scandal/statuses/1288778232393760768>

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61 followers
נעמה
@9PVk6cD9YiwzmKb
 <https://twitter.com/9PVk6cD9YiwzmKb>

RT @AdamArnautoff <https://twitter.com/AdamArnautoff>: במחקר המאשר טענות
שעלו כבר זמן, בין היתר על ידי כמה פרופסורים שאנחנו אוהבים להשמיץ, התגלה
שנשאי קורונה חדשים מדבקים עד 9…

10:07AM <http://twitter.com/9PVk6cD9YiwzmKb/statuses/1288778153641611268>

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11 followers
عادل الخطاري
@EXlVMEE2wQRm9Su
 <https://twitter.com/EXlVMEE2wQRm9Su>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

10:06AM <http://twitter.com/EXlVMEE2wQRm9Su/statuses/1288778028949164032>

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<https://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1288778028949164032>

335 followers
Truth be Revealed
@SarahEdmondsPhD
 <https://twitter.com/SarahEdmondsPhD>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: Get this out
there. Testing is forming global policy but it’s flawed. We’re removing
liberty from perfectly healthy pe…

10:06AM <http://twitter.com/SarahEdmondsPhD/statuses/1288777960783151105>

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1,680 followers
Maizy Daizy 🌼🇬🇧
@MaizyDaizyZzzz
 <https://twitter.com/MaizyDaizyZzzz>

RT @sass_byname <https://twitter.com/sass_byname>: @AlistairHaimes
<https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And the virus detected in the upper
respiratory tract via nasal swabbing can be inert RNA fragments. Study…

10:05AM <http://twitter.com/MaizyDaizyZzzz/statuses/1288777818747408384>

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113 followers
Scaramangi
@scaramangi
 <https://twitter.com/scaramangi>

@SylviaDeeDee <https://twitter.com/SylviaDeeDee> @theboltreport
<https://twitter.com/theboltreport> @michaelobrienmp
<https://twitter.com/michaelobrienmp> Have you seen this?
https://t.co/tStOZxnCpa <https://t.co/tStOZxnCpa>

10:05AM <http://twitter.com/scaramangi/statuses/1288777762468179968>

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147 followers
Neil Catty
@ShrimperOT
 <https://twitter.com/ShrimperOT>

RT @Anshul__K <https://twitter.com/Anshul__K>: You are most infectious
within 5 days. No live virus after 9 days. Virus RNA still shedding at
83 days. Nearly 12 weeks lat…

10:04AM <http://twitter.com/ShrimperOT/statuses/1288777506280136704>

Reply
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108 followers
1905Netherlands
@1Netherlands
 <https://twitter.com/1Netherlands>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

10:03AM <http://twitter.com/1Netherlands/statuses/1288777332010999809>

Reply
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1,558 followers
haber
@ilimlevebilimle
 <https://twitter.com/ilimlevebilimle>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

10:03AM <http://twitter.com/ilimlevebilimle/statuses/1288777263320891393>

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48 followers
emmarich
@emmarich
 <https://twitter.com/emmarich>

RT @Francis_Hoar <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>: @AlistairHaimes
<https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And those 'cases' may be of people
who haven't been infectious for ten weeks: https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO
<https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO>…

10:03AM <http://twitter.com/emmarich/statuses/1288777161793581056>

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1,680 followers
Maizy Daizy 🌼🇬🇧
@MaizyDaizyZzzz
 <https://twitter.com/MaizyDaizyZzzz>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

10:03AM <http://twitter.com/MaizyDaizyZzzz/statuses/1288777150221430786>

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2,499 followers
conspiracyguy
@donkamion78
 <https://twitter.com/donkamion78>

RT @mugecevik <https://twitter.com/mugecevik>: Very excited to share our
new preprint "#SARSCoV2 <https://twitter.com/search?q=#SARSCoV2> viral
load dynamics, duration of viral shedding and infectiousness: a livi…

10:01AM <http://twitter.com/donkamion78/statuses/1288776842170839042>

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62 followers
* Moral Decay *
@KSmth2000
 <https://twitter.com/KSmth2000>

RT @dockaurG <https://twitter.com/dockaurG>: 3/ Recent pre-print
systematic review & meta-analysis on "#SARSCoV2
<https://twitter.com/search?q=#SARSCoV2> viral load dynamics, duration
of viral shedding & infecti…

10:01AM <http://twitter.com/KSmth2000/statuses/1288776682221056000>

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1,447 followers
Still_Wally
@whereswally77
 <https://twitter.com/whereswally77>

RT @Jonathan_Witt <https://twitter.com/Jonathan_Witt>: A very necessary
thread detailing important research which should have a significant
impact on our approach to testing a…

10:00AM <http://twitter.com/whereswally77/statuses/1288776562742046721>

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1,460 followers
Socialist_Tipster
@Eyecatcher_Pro
 <https://twitter.com/Eyecatcher_Pro>

https://t.co/cCou0weCkM <https://t.co/cCou0weCkM> A basic summary -
People are most infectious in the first 5 days of infection. Though they
continue to shed virus after that, doesn't mean they're infectious &
nobody so far has proven infectious beyond day 9. Older and sicker

10:00AM <http://twitter.com/Eyecatcher_Pro/statuses/1288776373801234432>

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220 followers
Radwa
@Roora_Roora
 <https://twitter.com/Roora_Roora>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

09:58AM <http://twitter.com/Roora_Roora/statuses/1288775973148794880>

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172 followers
Ahmed ‏‎🇪🇬
@Uncharted_A
 <https://twitter.com/Uncharted_A>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

09:58AM <http://twitter.com/Uncharted_A/statuses/1288775924700381184>

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1,172 followers
datatosee.com
@dontbetyet
 <https://twitter.com/dontbetyet>

@AlistairHaimes <https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> Maybe why....
https://t.co/dnKhnilh84 <https://t.co/dnKhnilh84>

09:57AM <http://twitter.com/dontbetyet/statuses/1288775816005001217>

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181 followers
Ken Rollings #showyoursmile
@Kennyangel
 <https://twitter.com/Kennyangel>

RT @Francis_Hoar <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>: Meanwhile, we learn
in this study by a number of academics from distinguished Scottish
universities that those treated as…

09:57AM <http://twitter.com/Kennyangel/statuses/1288775617446662144>

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47 followers
No New Normal
@mwmjenard
 <https://twitter.com/mwmjenard>

RT @kerpen <https://twitter.com/kerpen>: No transmission found after day
9 from symptom onset https://t.co/CPN94opWDf <https://t.co/CPN94opWDf>

09:54AM <http://twitter.com/mwmjenard/statuses/1288774917572435969>

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64 followers
laila msb
@alb_laila
 <https://twitter.com/alb_laila>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

09:54AM <http://twitter.com/alb_laila/statuses/1288774867266002944>

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205 followers
Sarah
@sass_byname
 <https://twitter.com/sass_byname>

@AlistairHaimes <https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And the virus
detected in the upper respiratory tract via nasal swabbing can be inert
RNA fragments. Study shows that nobody had detectable live, viable virus
after 9 days, yet 'dead' virus can be present for up to 83 days:
https://t.co/hEi <https://t.co/hEi>

09:50AM <http://twitter.com/sass_byname/statuses/1288773961338236928>

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124 followers
The First Mate Horseman
@Contagio9
 <https://twitter.com/Contagio9>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:47AM <http://twitter.com/Contagio9/statuses/1288773277394120705>

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934 followers
Dan Munn
@temennuconsult
 <https://twitter.com/temennuconsult>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:47AM <http://twitter.com/temennuconsult/statuses/1288773231068041217>

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119 followers
alyosha
@alyosapavlovi
 <https://twitter.com/alyosapavlovi>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

09:46AM <http://twitter.com/alyosapavlovi/statuses/1288772994203029504>

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59 followers
Hamdy Mubarak
@HmdyMubarak
 <https://twitter.com/HmdyMubarak>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

09:46AM <http://twitter.com/HmdyMubarak/statuses/1288772876133335040>

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136 followers
Hani Moathen
@Hani_Moathen
 <https://twitter.com/Hani_Moathen>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

09:44AM <http://twitter.com/Hani_Moathen/statuses/1288772503226253314>

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309 followers
Diogenes' Dog #KBF
@adolph_malan
 <https://twitter.com/adolph_malan>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:44AM <http://twitter.com/adolph_malan/statuses/1288772487380185090>

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534 followers
Dr P Buddy
@DiscePuer
 <https://twitter.com/DiscePuer>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:43AM <http://twitter.com/DiscePuer/statuses/1288772228579037184>

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269 followers
🇪🇬7osny ♊🚢⚽
@7_osny
 <https://twitter.com/7_osny>

RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

09:43AM <http://twitter.com/7_osny/statuses/1288772214989426688>

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44 followers
Martin
@Martin_Brookes
 <https://twitter.com/Martin_Brookes>

RT @Francis_Hoar <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>: @AlistairHaimes
<https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And those 'cases' may be of people
who haven't been infectious for ten weeks: https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO
<https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO>…

09:43AM <http://twitter.com/Martin_Brookes/statuses/1288772104184303617>

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53 followers
Sargasso JO
@SaraJO55338555
 <https://twitter.com/SaraJO55338555>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:41AM <http://twitter.com/SaraJO55338555/statuses/1288771727510720512>

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336 followers
heidi bouman #blacklivesmatter #leftisbest
@heidiboesdal
 <https://twitter.com/heidiboesdal>

RT @pesla <https://twitter.com/pesla>: Literatuurstudie (n=98, preprint)
over de vraag wanneer iemand met #COVID19
<https://twitter.com/search?q=#COVID19> besmettelijk is. In het kort:
hoogtepunt waarschijn…

09:41AM <http://twitter.com/heidiboesdal/statuses/1288771664868790274>

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71 followers
Caroline Reid #KBF
@carolinereid81
 <https://twitter.com/carolinereid81>

RT @Francis_Hoar <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>: @AlistairHaimes
<https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And those 'cases' may be of people
who haven't been infectious for ten weeks: https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO
<https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO>…

09:38AM <http://twitter.com/carolinereid81/statuses/1288771011945680897>

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52 followers
DrewTimperio
@drewtimperio
 <https://twitter.com/drewtimperio>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:37AM <http://twitter.com/drewtimperio/statuses/1288770696215232513>

Reply
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185 followers
EndtheUKLockdownNow #KBF
@EndtheUk
 <https://twitter.com/EndtheUk>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:37AM <http://twitter.com/EndtheUk/statuses/1288770601805545474>

Reply
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26,034 followers
Jonathan Witt
@Jonathan_Witt
 <https://twitter.com/Jonathan_Witt>

RT @Jonathan_Witt <https://twitter.com/Jonathan_Witt>: A very necessary
thread detailing important research which should have a significant
impact on our approach to testing a…

09:36AM <http://twitter.com/Jonathan_Witt/statuses/1288770529445449728>

Reply
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9,197 followers
Francis Hoar
@Francis_Hoar
 <https://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar>

@AlistairHaimes <https://twitter.com/AlistairHaimes> And those 'cases'
may be of people who haven't been infectious for ten weeks:
https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO <https://t.co/Rze9yRO6OO> Welcome back, by the way!

09:36AM <http://twitter.com/Francis_Hoar/statuses/1288770456284278784>

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580 followers
Düşünce Karikatürü
@Dus_Karikatur
 <https://twitter.com/Dus_Karikatur>

RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

09:36AM <http://twitter.com/Dus_Karikatur/statuses/1288770398885208064>

Reply
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2,651 followers
Javier Casas Ciria #UsaMascarilla
@cientounero
 <https://twitter.com/cientounero>

RT @mugecevik <https://twitter.com/mugecevik>: Very excited to share our
new preprint "#SARSCoV2 <https://twitter.com/search?q=#SARSCoV2> viral
load dynamics, duration of viral shedding and infectiousness: a livi…

09:33AM <http://twitter.com/cientounero/statuses/1288769751632752640>

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398 followers
Ketty Deléris
@KettyDeleris
 <https://twitter.com/KettyDeleris>

RT @PascalCrepey <https://twitter.com/PascalCrepey>: Infectieux jusqu'à
9 jours après les symptômes, mais positif à la PCR pendant 80 jours, ça
ne facilite pas le suivi en te…

09:33AM <http://twitter.com/KettyDeleris/statuses/1288769690387480576>

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Plebian Scot
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RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: Get this out
there. Testing is forming global policy but it’s flawed. We’re removing
liberty from perfectly healthy pe…

09:32AM <http://twitter.com/PlebianScot/statuses/1288769418374201346>

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jose luis carrasco
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RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
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<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:32AM <http://twitter.com/joseluiscarra13/statuses/1288769409725628422>

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RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: Get this out
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09:30AM <http://twitter.com/jolinenblue/statuses/1288768900671451141>

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Get this out there. Testing is forming global policy but it’s flawed.
We’re removing liberty from perfectly healthy people. Not that liberty
should be denied for the sick either! @simondolan

09:29AM <http://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke/statuses/1288768759688302592>

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RT @holmenkollin <https://twitter.com/holmenkollin>: Nichts revolutionär
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09:29AM <http://twitter.com/p_manske/statuses/1288768700028538881>

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RT @mugecevik <https://twitter.com/mugecevik>: Very excited to share our
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RosierSecondName
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RT @pesla <https://twitter.com/pesla>: Literatuurstudie (n=98, preprint)
over de vraag wanneer iemand met #COVID19
<https://twitter.com/search?q=#COVID19> besmettelijk is. In het kort:
hoogtepunt waarschijn…

09:27AM <http://twitter.com/NameRosier/statuses/1288768217587097601>

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RT @Amipgiardia <https://twitter.com/Amipgiardia>: İngiltere ve
İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir araştırmaya göre
SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk…

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Dr.TutkuTaşkınoğlu
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İngiltere ve İtalya'daki araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan bir
araştırmaya göre SARS-CoV-2 en bulaştırıcı olduğu dönem ilk 0-5. gün 9.
günden sonra bulaşıcılık neredeyse yok Vakaları erken teşhis eder ve
izole edersek bulaşıcılığı önemli ölçüde önleriz.

09:25AM <http://twitter.com/Amipgiardia/statuses/1288767631361748992>

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RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:24AM <http://twitter.com/NameRosier/statuses/1288767416198201344>

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Kessy1972
@Kessy19721
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Eine Erklärung für Tönnies &Co. Ich hab mich gefragt, warum die alle zur
gleichen Zeit pos.getestet wurden. Weil die Zeit 12 Wochen betragen kann.

09:23AM <http://twitter.com/Kessy19721/statuses/1288767153336918016>

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laura cooper 🇬🇧
@ripley270
 <https://twitter.com/ripley270>

RT @CovidSenseBloke <https://twitter.com/CovidSenseBloke>: This needs
to, literally, go viral! 😂😂😂 https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH
<https://t.co/lMhIL5sHWH> You are most infectious within 5 days. No live
virus…

09:22AM <http://twitter.com/ripley270/statuses/1288766970469527553>

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أسما
@A_NaQ11
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RT @virolvlog <https://twitter.com/virolvlog>: نتائج تحليل منهجي لـ 79
دراسة: - يبلغ الحمل الفيروسي في الجهاز التنفسي العلوي ذروته في الأسبوع
الأول - قد يتواجد الـ RNA في…

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SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of
viral shedding and infectiousness: a living systematic review and
meta-analysis
Muge Cevik, Matthew Tate, Oliver Lloyd, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Jenna
Schafers, Antonia Ho
medRxiv 2020.07.25.20162107; doi:
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.25.20162107
This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review
[what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to
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<https://www.medrxiv.org/content/what-unrefereed-preprint>
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SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of
viral shedding and infectiousness: a living systematic review and
meta-analysis
Muge Cevik, Matthew Tate, Oliver Lloyd, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Jenna
Schafers, Antonia Ho
medRxiv 2020.07.25.20162107; doi:
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.25.20162107
This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review
[what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to
be evaluated and so should /not/ be used to guide clinical practice.
<https://www.medrxiv.org/content/what-unrefereed-preprint>


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